Pharmacologic Treatment of Transplant Recipients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: Considerations Regarding Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drug-Drug Interactions.
Identifieur interne : 000950 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000949; suivant : 000951Pharmacologic Treatment of Transplant Recipients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: Considerations Regarding Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drug-Drug Interactions.
Auteurs : Laure Elens [Belgique] ; Loralie J. Langman [États-Unis] ; Dennis A. Hesselink [Pays-Bas] ; Stein Bergan [Norvège] ; Dirk Jan A R. Moes [Pays-Bas] ; Mariadelfina Molinaro [Italie] ; Raman Venkataramanan [États-Unis] ; Florian Lemaitre [France]Source :
- Therapeutic drug monitoring [ 1536-3694 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- AMP (analogues et dérivés), Alanine (analogues et dérivés), Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés (MeSH), Antiviraux (effets indésirables), Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Glucocorticoïdes (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (MeSH), Immunosuppresseurs (effets indésirables), Immunosuppresseurs (usage thérapeutique), Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux), Inhibiteurs de protéases (MeSH), Interactions médicamenteuses (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux), Receveurs de transplantation (MeSH), Surveillance des médicaments (MeSH).
- MESH :
- analogues et dérivés : AMP, Alanine.
- effets indésirables : Antiviraux, Immunosuppresseurs.
- traitement médicamenteux : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- usage thérapeutique : Antiviraux, Immunosuppresseurs.
- Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés, Betacoronavirus, Glucocorticoïdes, Humains, Hydroxychloroquine, Inhibiteurs de protéases, Interactions médicamenteuses, Pandémies, Receveurs de transplantation, Surveillance des médicaments.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adenosine Monophosphate (analogs & derivatives), Alanine (analogs & derivatives), Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized (MeSH), Antiviral Agents (adverse effects), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Drug Interactions (MeSH), Drug Monitoring (MeSH), Glucocorticoids (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (MeSH), Immunosuppressive Agents (adverse effects), Immunosuppressive Agents (therapeutic use), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy), Protease Inhibitors (MeSH), Transplant Recipients (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , adverse effects : Antiviral Agents, Immunosuppressive Agents.
- chemical , analogs & derivatives : Adenosine Monophosphate, Alanine.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antiviral Agents, Immunosuppressive Agents.
- chemical : Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Glucocorticoids, Hydroxychloroquine, Protease Inhibitors.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Betacoronavirus, Drug Interactions, Drug Monitoring, Humans, Pandemics, Transplant Recipients.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory distress (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several therapeutic options are currently emerging but none with universal consensus or proven efficacy. Solid organ transplant recipients are perceived to be at increased risk of severe COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed conditions due to chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs). It is therefore likely that solid organ transplant recipients will be treated with these experimental antivirals.
METHODS
This article is not intended to provide a systematic literature review on investigational treatments tested against COVID-19; rather, the authors aim to provide recommendations for therapeutic drug monitoring of ISDs in transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 based on a review of existing data in the literature.
RESULTS
Management of drug-drug interactions between investigational anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs and immunosuppressants is a complex task for the clinician. Adequate immunosuppression is necessary to prevent graft rejection while, if critically ill, the patient may benefit from pharmacotherapeutic interventions directed at limiting SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Maintaining ISD concentrations within the desired therapeutic range requires a highly individualized approach that is complicated by the pandemic context and lack of hindsight.
CONCLUSIONS
With this article, the authors inform the clinician about the potential interactions of experimental COVID-19 treatments with ISDs used in transplantation. Recommendations regarding therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustments in the context of COVID-19 are provided.
DOI: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000761
PubMed: 32304488
PubMed Central: PMC7188032
Affiliations:
- Belgique, France, Italie, Norvège, Pays-Bas, États-Unis
- Hollande-Méridionale, Minnesota, Pennsylvanie, Région Bretagne, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Østlandet
- Bruxelles, Leyde, Oslo, Rennes, Rotterdam
- Université catholique de Louvain
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Moes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molinaro, Mariadelfina" sort="Molinaro, Mariadelfina" uniqKey="Molinaro M" first="Mariadelfina" last="Molinaro">Mariadelfina Molinaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical and Experimental Pharmacokinetics Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical and Experimental Pharmacokinetics Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venkataramanan, Raman" sort="Venkataramanan, Raman" uniqKey="Venkataramanan R" first="Raman" last="Venkataramanan">Raman Venkataramanan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>School of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>School of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemaitre, Florian" sort="Lemaitre, Florian" uniqKey="Lemaitre F" first="Florian" last="Lemaitre">Florian Lemaitre</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en sante[Combining Acute Accent], environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en sante[Combining Acute Accent], environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC 1414, Rennes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC 1414, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32304488</idno><idno type="pmid">32304488</idno><idno type="doi">10.1097/FTD.0000000000000761</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7188032</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001686</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001686</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001686</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">001686</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001686</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Pharmacologic Treatment of Transplant Recipients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: Considerations Regarding Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drug-Drug Interactions.</title><author><name sortKey="Elens, Laure" sort="Elens, Laure" uniqKey="Elens L" first="Laure" last="Elens">Laure Elens</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics (PMGK), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics (PMGK), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université catholique de Louvain</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bruxelles</settlement><region nuts="2">Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université catholique de Louvain</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Langman, Loralie J" sort="Langman, Loralie J" uniqKey="Langman L" first="Loralie J" last="Langman">Loralie J. Langman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hesselink, Dennis A" sort="Hesselink, Dennis A" uniqKey="Hesselink D" first="Dennis A" last="Hesselink">Dennis A. Hesselink</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Rotterdam Transplant Group.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">Rotterdam Transplant Group.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bergan, Stein" sort="Bergan, Stein" uniqKey="Bergan S" first="Stein" last="Bergan">Stein Bergan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moes, Dirk Jan A R" sort="Moes, Dirk Jan A R" uniqKey="Moes D" first="Dirk Jan A R" last="Moes">Dirk Jan A R. Moes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molinaro, Mariadelfina" sort="Molinaro, Mariadelfina" uniqKey="Molinaro M" first="Mariadelfina" last="Molinaro">Mariadelfina Molinaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Clinical and Experimental Pharmacokinetics Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Clinical and Experimental Pharmacokinetics Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venkataramanan, Raman" sort="Venkataramanan, Raman" uniqKey="Venkataramanan R" first="Raman" last="Venkataramanan">Raman Venkataramanan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>School of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>School of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lemaitre, Florian" sort="Lemaitre, Florian" uniqKey="Lemaitre F" first="Florian" last="Lemaitre">Florian Lemaitre</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en sante[Combining Acute Accent], environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en sante[Combining Acute Accent], environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC 1414, Rennes, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC 1414, Rennes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Région Bretagne</region><region type="old region">Région Bretagne</region><settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Therapeutic drug monitoring</title><idno type="eISSN">1536-3694</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adenosine Monophosphate (analogs & derivatives)</term><term>Alanine (analogs & derivatives)</term><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized (MeSH)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (adverse effects)</term><term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Drug Interactions (MeSH)</term><term>Drug Monitoring (MeSH)</term><term>Glucocorticoids (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (MeSH)</term><term>Immunosuppressive Agents (adverse effects)</term><term>Immunosuppressive Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term><term>Protease Inhibitors (MeSH)</term><term>Transplant Recipients (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>AMP (analogues et dérivés)</term><term>Alanine (analogues et dérivés)</term><term>Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés (MeSH)</term><term>Antiviraux (effets indésirables)</term><term>Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Glucocorticoïdes (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (MeSH)</term><term>Immunosuppresseurs (effets indésirables)</term><term>Immunosuppresseurs (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Inhibiteurs de protéases (MeSH)</term><term>Interactions médicamenteuses (MeSH)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Receveurs de transplantation (MeSH)</term><term>Surveillance des médicaments (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Immunosuppressive Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analogs & derivatives" xml:lang="en"><term>Adenosine Monophosphate</term><term>Alanine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiviral Agents</term><term>Immunosuppressive Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized</term><term>Glucocorticoids</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Protease Inhibitors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analogues et dérivés" xml:lang="fr"><term>AMP</term><term>Alanine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets indésirables" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux</term><term>Immunosuppresseurs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antiviraux</term><term>Immunosuppresseurs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Drug Interactions</term><term>Drug Monitoring</term><term>Humans</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Transplant Recipients</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Glucocorticoïdes</term><term>Humains</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Inhibiteurs de protéases</term><term>Interactions médicamenteuses</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Receveurs de transplantation</term><term>Surveillance des médicaments</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory distress (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several therapeutic options are currently emerging but none with universal consensus or proven efficacy. Solid organ transplant recipients are perceived to be at increased risk of severe COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed conditions due to chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs). It is therefore likely that solid organ transplant recipients will be treated with these experimental antivirals.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>This article is not intended to provide a systematic literature review on investigational treatments tested against COVID-19; rather, the authors aim to provide recommendations for therapeutic drug monitoring of ISDs in transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 based on a review of existing data in the literature.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Management of drug-drug interactions between investigational anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs and immunosuppressants is a complex task for the clinician. Adequate immunosuppression is necessary to prevent graft rejection while, if critically ill, the patient may benefit from pharmacotherapeutic interventions directed at limiting SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Maintaining ISD concentrations within the desired therapeutic range requires a highly individualized approach that is complicated by the pandemic context and lack of hindsight.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>With this article, the authors inform the clinician about the potential interactions of experimental COVID-19 treatments with ISDs used in transplantation. Recommendations regarding therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustments in the context of COVID-19 are provided.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32304488</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>26</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>26</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1536-3694</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>42</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Therapeutic drug monitoring</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Ther Drug Monit</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Pharmacologic Treatment of Transplant Recipients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: Considerations Regarding Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drug-Drug Interactions.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>360-368</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1097/FTD.0000000000000761</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory distress (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several therapeutic options are currently emerging but none with universal consensus or proven efficacy. Solid organ transplant recipients are perceived to be at increased risk of severe COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed conditions due to chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs). It is therefore likely that solid organ transplant recipients will be treated with these experimental antivirals.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">This article is not intended to provide a systematic literature review on investigational treatments tested against COVID-19; rather, the authors aim to provide recommendations for therapeutic drug monitoring of ISDs in transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 based on a review of existing data in the literature.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Management of drug-drug interactions between investigational anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs and immunosuppressants is a complex task for the clinician. Adequate immunosuppression is necessary to prevent graft rejection while, if critically ill, the patient may benefit from pharmacotherapeutic interventions directed at limiting SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Maintaining ISD concentrations within the desired therapeutic range requires a highly individualized approach that is complicated by the pandemic context and lack of hindsight.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">With this article, the authors inform the clinician about the potential interactions of experimental COVID-19 treatments with ISDs used in transplantation. Recommendations regarding therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustments in the context of COVID-19 are provided.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elens</LastName><ForeName>Laure</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics (PMGK), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Langman</LastName><ForeName>Loralie J</ForeName><Initials>LJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hesselink</LastName><ForeName>Dennis A</ForeName><Initials>DA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rotterdam Transplant Group.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bergan</LastName><ForeName>Stein</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moes</LastName><ForeName>Dirk Jan A R</ForeName><Initials>DJAR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Molinaro</LastName><ForeName>Mariadelfina</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical and Experimental Pharmacokinetics Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Venkataramanan</LastName><ForeName>Raman</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lemaitre</LastName><ForeName>Florian</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en sante[Combining Acute Accent], environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC 1414, Rennes, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Ther Drug Monit</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7909660</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0163-4356</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D061067">Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005938">Glucocorticoids</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D007166">Immunosuppressive Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D011480">Protease Inhibitors</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>3QKI37EEHE</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C000606551">remdesivir</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>415SHH325A</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000249">Adenosine Monophosphate</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>I031V2H011</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C502936">tocilizumab</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>OF5P57N2ZX</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000409">Alanine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000249" MajorTopicYN="N">Adenosine Monophosphate</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000031" MajorTopicYN="N">analogs & derivatives</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000409" MajorTopicYN="N">Alanine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000031" MajorTopicYN="N">analogs & derivatives</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D061067" MajorTopicYN="N">Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004347" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Interactions</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016903" MajorTopicYN="Y">Drug Monitoring</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005938" MajorTopicYN="N">Glucocorticoids</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007166" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunosuppressive Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011480" MajorTopicYN="N">Protease Inhibitors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D066027" MajorTopicYN="Y">Transplant Recipients</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32304488</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1097/FTD.0000000000000761</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7188032</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Belgique</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Hollande-Méridionale</li><li>Minnesota</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li><li>Région Bretagne</li><li>Région de Bruxelles-Capitale</li><li>Østlandet</li></region><settlement><li>Bruxelles</li><li>Leyde</li><li>Oslo</li><li>Rennes</li><li>Rotterdam</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université catholique de Louvain</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Belgique"><region name="Région de Bruxelles-Capitale"><name sortKey="Elens, Laure" sort="Elens, Laure" uniqKey="Elens L" first="Laure" last="Elens">Laure Elens</name></region><name sortKey="Elens, Laure" sort="Elens, Laure" uniqKey="Elens L" first="Laure" last="Elens">Laure Elens</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Minnesota"><name sortKey="Langman, Loralie J" sort="Langman, Loralie J" uniqKey="Langman L" first="Loralie J" last="Langman">Loralie J. 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Moes</name></country><country name="Norvège"><region name="Østlandet"><name sortKey="Bergan, Stein" sort="Bergan, Stein" uniqKey="Bergan S" first="Stein" last="Bergan">Stein Bergan</name></region></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Molinaro, Mariadelfina" sort="Molinaro, Mariadelfina" uniqKey="Molinaro M" first="Mariadelfina" last="Molinaro">Mariadelfina Molinaro</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><region name="Région Bretagne"><name sortKey="Lemaitre, Florian" sort="Lemaitre, Florian" uniqKey="Lemaitre F" first="Florian" last="Lemaitre">Florian Lemaitre</name></region><name sortKey="Lemaitre, Florian" sort="Lemaitre, Florian" uniqKey="Lemaitre F" first="Florian" last="Lemaitre">Florian Lemaitre</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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